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Posted by zaheer hussain on February 12th, 2016

An RF direction finder is an incredible piece of technology that helps determine the physical location of a target's radio frequency or RF energy. These targets may be moving or stationary, and for the most part are non-cooperative, but not always, for instance in the case of search and rescue units. This article examines what direction finders are and how they work.

Who Uses Direction Finding?

There are a number of different industries that employ this technology. Local government organizations may use it for search and rescue, as mentioned previously. Military and Law Enforcement can also take advantage of radio frequency to locate hostile forces, individuals, or for locating friendly clandestine targets. Additionally, cell phone network operators and venues may also use radio frequency if they are spectrum license holders.

What Is Being 'Found' in DF?

More often than not, direction finding is used to identify the location of uncooperative targets, however this varies depending on the specific application. The most common types of targets are communications transmissions and broadcasters, for instance picking up enemy communications; both malicious and unintentional interference, like jammers or spurious emissions; and transponders.

How Do You Locate the Radio Signal?

Within a signal there are variations in a few different sources within that signal, for instance the amplitude, frequency, and phase can vary from any one signal to the next. Those variations are used to determine the direction from which the source frequency came. Most RF direction finders only use a single variable, amplitude, frequency, or phase, to determine an object's location.

Components of a Direction Finding System

The various elements that allow us to find the direction of any given radio signal are the following:

Antenna - Various types are used, depending on the direction finding methodology.