Hypothesis Formula

Posted by Winnie Melda on May 3rd, 2019

(a)    Critical region refers to a set of outcomes in which a statistical test proves that null hypothesis should be rejected

(b)    Critical value refers to the point along scale of statistic analysis in which values beyond the critical values are applied in to reject null hypothesis.

(c)    Directional hypothesis test testing performed when experiment being performed is carried out to predict direction of effects

(d)    Hypothesis testing refers to a method of statistical inference. It is applied in comparing two  statistical data sets it is also used where sampled data is compared with synthetic data set obtained from ideal model

(e)    Non-directional hypothesis test refers to an alternative hypothesis testing applied in statistical significance testing. In  a research question two rival hypothesis are formulated and alternative hypothesis is applied to reveals that differences observed are genuine

(f)    Null hypothesis refers to hypothesis used for proposing there is no statistical significance that exists in a set of a given observations. Null hypothesis reveals that no variations exist between variable or a single variable has no difference in its means

(g)    One-tailed hypothesis test refers to a statistical hypothesis where region of rejection is located on one side of sampling distribution

(h)    Two-tailed hypothesis test refers to a statistical test whereby critical area of distribution extends on two sides. It is applied in testing whether a given sample is greater than or less that a certain range of values. In case sample tested is between critical areas alternative hypothesis is accepted

(i)    Sampling distribution of the mean refers to a probability distribution of all values when possible samples of the same size are obtained from the same population

(j)    Joint frequency distribution refers to statistical analysis that uses rows and columns to show where variables join in terms of categories and total number of data points

(k)    Relative risk it is also known as risk ratio that refers to probability of an event occurring in exposed group to probability of any event occurring in non-exposed group such as developing a disease or being injured

Proportion

                                                                   Negative Emotionality

                                                ----------------------------------------------------------

Gender                                                    Low                                                    High                         Total

Female                                           46                                                       14                             60

Male                                              44                                                       16                             60

Total                                              90                                                       30                           120

Proportion of people with low

= 90 / 120

= 0.75 or 75 %

Proportion of people with high

= 30 / 120

= 0.25 or 25 %

Proportion of females with high

= 14 / 60

= 0.23 or 23 %

Proportion of females with low

= 46 / 60

= 0.77 0r 77 %

Proportion of males with high

= 16 / 60

= 0.27 or 27 %

Proportion of females with low

= 44 / 60

= 0.73 or 73 %

Males with high = 0.25 * 16 = 4

Males with low = 0.75 * 44 = 33

Females with high = 0.25 * 14 = 3.5

Females with low = 0.75 * 46 = 34.5

X2 = ∑ (observed – expected)2 / expected

X2 = (16 – 4) 2 / 4 + (44 – 33) 2 / 33 + (14 – 3.5) 2 / 3.5 + (46 – 34.5) 2 / 34.5

 X2 = 144 / 4 + 121 / 33 + 110.25 / 3.5 + 132.25 / 34.5

X2 = 36 + 3.67 + 31.5 + 3.83

X2 = 75

 Degree of freedom = (number of rows minus 1) * (number of columns minus 1)

For 2 by 2 table = (2-1) * (2-1) = 1

Chi square statistic value for P = 0.05

95 % confidence with 1 degree of freedom = 3.84

Testing if it is significant

75 is greater than the table value then the hypothesis is rejected

75 > 3.84

Hypothesis that Males are more likely than females to experience negative emotions is rejected.

Carolyn Morgan is the author of this paper. A senior editor at MeldaResearch.Com in best research paper writing services. If you need a similar paper you can place your order from non plagiarized research papers.