Glycosylated Peptide (or Glycopeptides); A Class of Drugs of Microbial Origin

Posted by coherent market insights on February 19th, 2021

Glycosylated peptide (or glycopeptides) is a new class of drugs used against several disease due to its features, such as low toxicity, target specificity, high activity, and minimal non-specific or drug–drug interactions. It is a promising strategy for modifying the physicochemical properties of peptide drugs and for the entry of peptides into biological membranes. It can be of two type, such as O-linked glycosylation and N-linked glycosylation. Glycosylated peptide drugs increase selectivity, bioactivity, and prolong half-life of therapeutic drug.

Glycosylated peptide drugs are composed of polycyclic nonribosomal peptides or glycosylated cyclic. Glycopeptides are small chains of amino acids and have been shown to be essential in breaking down complex molecules such as DNA, RNA, and peptide bonds. The discovery of glycopeptides and the subsequent medical and pharmaceutical developments in this field are now ushering in a new era for treating diseases in which the underlying cause is bacteria. An innovative combination of enzyme therapy and glycopeptides has now been developed as an effective treatment for various infectious diseases. Glycosylated peptide drugs are used to treat enterococcal infections and multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, which are resistant to beta-lactams and other antibiotics.

The basic mechanism underlying glycopeptides is the fact that they act on the energy pathway of bacteria by interacting with their glycogen storage systems. Glycosylated peptides can interact with different sets of bacterial membranes depending on their structures. Some glycopeptides can interact with the mucus membranes, other with the plasma membrane and others with the endoplasmic membrane of the cell. The recognition of glycopeptides by the target bacteria triggers the secretion of an army of sulfur-producing bacteria called Mucor. The interaction of glycosylated peptides with the Mucor bacteria releases free radicals which in turn promote infections and inflammation. Glycopeptides have also been used to reverse the effects of chemotherapy in cancer patients.

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