CRISPR Gene Editing System Highlights Research

Posted by Debbie Evans on January 15th, 2016

A lot of research institutions launched their own list of predictions at this year's Nobel Prize. : One is the popular technology in recently years: CRISPR Cas9 editing techniques.
According to the Nobel prize selection method of practice, generally award-winning results need years of validation and verification. But there are also people with facts refuting that view—RNA interference Technology (RNAi) is one won the reward during 10 published years. Cell reprogramming Technology also won the Nobel Prize in just a few years time.
In fact, before the appearance of CRISPR as the gene editing tool hundreds of millions of years ago, the bacteria and archaea used the CRISPR system to modify precisely on almost every genome in any sequence.
Today, the CRISPR cas9 has developed into a powerful tool for biological research. CRISPR/Cas is an acquired immune system currently found in most bacteria and archaea and to kill the foreign plasmid or phage, then leave the gene fragment as a "memory". The full name of CRISPR/Cas is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins.
Three different types of CRISPR/Cas systems have been found, which exist in about 40% and 90% sequenced bacteria and ancient bacteria. The composition of the second type is relatively simple, which is composed with Cas9 protein and guide RNA (gRNA). Due to its characteristics of DNA interference (DNAi), it is currently actively applied in genetic engineering. As a genome editing tool, it uses the non homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanism, to produce DNA double strand breaks to clip in the body. Type second CRISPR/Cas is applied in the mammalian cells and zebrafish genome editing through the improvement of genetic engineering. Its simple design and easy operation are the greatest advantages. In the future, it will be applied to a variety of different models of biology.
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