Chemical reaction of titanium

Posted by beauty33 on September 9th, 2021

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Titanium can react with many elements and compounds at higher temperatures. Various elements can be divided into four categories according to their different reactions with titanium:

The first category: halogen and oxygen group elements form covalent bond and ionic bond compounds with titanium;

The second category: transition elements, hydrogen, beryllium, boron, carbon and nitrogen elements form intermetallic compounds and finite solid solutions with titanium;

The third category: zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, chromium, scandium and titanium form an infinite solid solution;

The fourth category: inert gases, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, rare earth elements (except scandium), actinium, thorium, etc. do not react or basically do not react with titanium. It reacts with the compound HF and fluoride hydrogen fluoride gas to produce TiF4 when heated, and the reaction formula is

Ti+4HF=TiF4+2H2+135.0kcal

The non-aqueous hydrogen fluoride liquid can form a dense titanium tetrafluoride film on the titanium surface, which can prevent HF from immersing into the titanium. Hydrofluoric acid is the strongest solvent for titanium. Even hydrofluoric acid with a concentration of 1% can react violently with titanium:

2Ti+6HF=2TiF3+3H2

Anhydrous fluoride and its aqueous solution do not react with titanium at low temperatures, only the fluoride that melts at high temperatures reacts significantly with titanium. HCl and chloride hydrogen chloride gas can corrode metal titanium, and dry hydrogen chloride reacts with titanium to form TiCl4 at >300°C:

Ti+4HCl=TiCl4+2H2+94.75kcal

Hydrochloric acid with a concentration of <5% will not react with titanium at room temperature, and 20% of hydrochloric acid will react with titanium at room temperature to produce purple TiCl3:

2Ti+6HCl=2TiCl3+3H2

When the temperature is high, even dilute hydrochloric acid will corrode titanium. Various anhydrous chlorides, such as magnesium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, mercury, tin, calcium, sodium, barium and NH4+ ions and their aqueous solutions, do not react with titanium. Titanium is in these chlorides Has good stability. Sulfuric acid and titanium hydrogen sulfide have obvious reactions with 5% sulfuric acid. At room temperature, about 40% sulfuric acid has the fastest corrosion rate on titanium. When the concentration is greater than 40% and reaches 60%, the corrosion rate becomes slower, 80% Reached the fastest. Heated dilute acid or 50% concentrated sulfuric acid can react with titanium to form titanium sulfate:

Ti+H2SO4=TiSO4+H2

2Ti+3H2SO4=Ti2(SO4)3+3H2

The heated concentrated sulfuric acid can be reduced by titanium to generate SO2:

2Ti+6H2SO4=Ti2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O+202 kcal

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beauty33
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