ADD, often considered a subtype of ADHD, primarily involves inattention without the hyperactive and impulsive behaviors commonly associated with ADHD. ADHD is a broader condition characterized by patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development.
Key Symptoms of ADD and ADHD:
Inattention: Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities, frequent careless mistakes, disorganization, forgetfulness, and avoidance of tasks that require sustained mental effort.
Hyperactivity: Excessive fidgeting, inability to stay seated, running or climbing in inappropriate situations, and talking excessively.
Impulsivity: Interrupting others, difficulty waiting for one’s turn, and making hasty decisions without considering the consequences.
ADD and ADHD manifest differently across genders and age groups, often leading to differences in diagnosis and treatment.
In Males:
Males are more likely to exhibit hyperactive and impulsive symptoms, such as excessive movement, disruptive behavior, and a tendency to act without thinking.
These behaviors often lead to earlier diagnosis in boys, as they are more disruptive in classroom settings.
In Females:
Females are more likely to exhibit inattentive symptoms, such as daydreaming, trouble focusing, and difficulty staying organized.
Because these symptoms are less disruptive, girls are often diagnosed later in life, sometimes leading to untreated challenges during adolescence and adulthood.
In Children:
Children with ADHD may show symptoms such as difficulty following instructions, being easily distracted, excessive talking, and an inability to sit still during quiet activities.
In younger children, hyperactivity may be more noticeable, while in older children, inattention and disorganization may become more prominent.
In Adults:
Adults with ADHD often struggle with time management, meeting deadlines, and maintaining organized workspaces. They may also experience restlessness, chronic lateness, and difficulty managing relationships.
Symptoms can be less overt in adults, leading to misdiagnosis or late diagnosis.
In preschoolers, hyperactivity is often the most common symptom. They may have an unusually high level of activity, constantly running or climbing, and difficulty engaging in quiet play.
Elementary School Age (6-12 years):
At this age, symptoms of inattention become more noticeable as children face increased academic demands. They may struggle with completing assignments, following instructions, and maintaining focus in class.
Adolescence (13-18 years):
During adolescence, organizational issues, forgetfulness, and poor time management often become more apparent. Teens may struggle with academic performance, peer relationships, and self-esteem due to ongoing symptoms.
Adulthood:
In adults, symptoms can manifest as chronic disorganization, difficulty prioritizing tasks, impulsivity in decision-making, and challenges in maintaining stable employment or relationships.
Effective management of ADD and ADHD involves a combination of therapeutic approaches, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, medication.
Behavioral Therapy: This therapy focuses on modifying the behaviors associated with ADD and ADHD. Techniques include setting clear expectations, establishing routines, and using positive reinforcement.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): CBT helps individuals with ADD and ADHD address the negative thought patterns that can arise from struggling with symptoms. It can improve self-esteem and develop strategies for managing time and tasks.
Parent Training and Education: For children with ADD and ADHD, educating parents on effective discipline techniques, positive reinforcement, and communication strategies is crucial.
Medication Management: Stimulant medications like Ritalin and Adderall are commonly prescribed to manage symptoms. Non-stimulant medications are also available for those who do not respond well to stimulants.
Support Groups: Connecting with others who understand the challenges of living with ADD and ADHD can provide valuable support and encouragement.
Tom, a 10-year-old boy, was struggling in school due to hyperactivity and impulsivity. His teachers often reported disruptive behavior, and his parents were concerned about his academic performance and social interactions. Tom’s parents sought help from Megan Y. Bruce, LCSW.
Megan implemented a comprehensive treatment plan that included behavioral therapy, parental guidance, and collaboration with Tom’s school. Over time, Tom learned to manage his impulses, improve his focus in class, and develop better organizational skills. With Megan’s support, Tom’s academic performance improved, and he became more confident in his abilities.
Megan Y. Bruce, LCSW, is a licensed clinical social worker with extensive experience in treating ADD, ADHD, and a wide range of other psychological issues. Her compassionate approach and evidence-based therapies have helped countless individuals and families navigate the challenges associated with these conditions.
Reach Out Today
If you or a loved one is struggling with ADD or ADHD, it’s important to seek professional help. Contact Megan Y. Bruce, LCSW, at 408.805.4385 or visit Meganbrucelcsw.com to schedule a consultation and start your journey towards healing.
