Problems in Environmental Management System and Conservation

Posted by Rika Hardiyani on April 13th, 2019

In fact, environment management system has encountered many obstacles. Centralization of environmental management often collides with traditional management by indigenous peoples through their local wisdom.

Centralized environment management system and conservation

Since capital-intensive private sector and state-owned enterprises were given the main opportunity in forest utilization, customary law communities were disadvantaged in forest use because customary forests were considered national property.

Forms of the forest utilization :

1. Forest Concession
2. Right to Collect Forest Products
3. Industrial Plantation Forest
4. Business Use Rights

Basically, the utilization of the forest has a good purpose, especially in the context of environmental preservation.

But in its implementation sometimes there are many irregularities, which are carried out by people who want to take advantage of the forest on a large scale.

Read more : Protection of Forest Damage through Local Wisdom vs. Government

As a result, there has been excessive forest exploitation, illegal logging, and conflicts with indigenous peoples over ownership and nationalization of forest benefits within indigenous territories.

Causes of environmental damage

Environmental damage can occurs for several causes:

1. The environmental imaging of the community is different from reality;
2. The community is late making adjustments to obtain a new environmental imaging;
3. Humans do not treat the surrounding environment rationally;
4. There is potential human greed being to take maximum advantage of the natural resources.

Modern society is relatively capable of adapting to changes in the natural environment.

The use of technology was originally a positive response to the natural environment, which was used to help and facilitate human use of nature.

In a way, the positive response turns into a negative response.

Ease of utilizing nature with technology actually bring natural human greed to exploit the broadest indefinitely.

Human and environmental

Traditional communities are less able to adapt to changes in the natural environment, so they always continue to respond in the form of simple use of nature.

The response is intended to preserve the environment to be maintained or the nature in which they live is maintained to meet the basic needs of their lives.

This has implications for their behavior which is very protective of nature.

Just as one indigenous peoples, namely the Suku Anak Dalam in Jambi Province. Until now, they continue to survive the pressures of life that emerged from round their traditional territories.

Transmigration community and immigrants with post-traditional cultures enter in large enough quantities in the past 20 years in Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD), as a living area of Suku Anak Dalam (SAD).

This has an impact on livelihoods, social life and other aspects of life of the SAD community.

For example, logging, both officially and illegally, and clearing land for rubber and oil palm plantations is an activity that is actually not common in the lives of SAD.

However, SAD is itself a tribe belonging to the defensive and is not accustomed to war or struggle to maintain their customary rights.

The impact of globalization on the lives and livelihoods of the SAD in Jambi province is prodigious. They have no choice but to accept the change while feeling the negative impact.

These impacts include:

1. Reducing the quality of life of the SAD community (total poverty);
2. Customary land law (such as customary rights) in the form of forest and land controlled by corporation; and
3. Loss of traditional livelihoods such as fruit, plants, sacred plants, tubers and animals.

Some of the SAD community groups tried to live in hamlets through government settlement projects and some chose to survive in the remaining corporation forests.

As a result of the rapid development today, the traditional life of the SAD community in Jambi Province has undergone many changes.

Finally, they had no choice but to accept the reality of life there.