Thyroglobulin: The Main Marker in the In Vitro Diagnosis and Treatment of Differ

Posted by Jerry Carter on August 23rd, 2019

Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignant tumor, which is traditionally divided into differentiated thyroid cancer, undifferentiated thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer. Differentiated thyroid cancer is divided into papillary and follicular adenocarcinoma. Undifferentiated thyroid cancer is rare and has poor prognosis. Medullary thyroid cancer originates from parafollicular cells (C cells), which belongs to one of neuroendocrine tumors. About 25% of patients with multiple type 2 endocrine tumors have medullary thyroid cancer. At present, the main means to diagnose thyroid cancer are thyroid cell puncture, intraoperative pathological freezing and post-operative paraffin pathological section. Although thyroid cell puncture can achieve the diagnostic significance, its clinical application is limited by its low positive rate, so the method of clinical diagnosis of thyroid cancer is mainly based on the following. By intraoperative freezing or paraffin section after operation. In addition, in the serology of thyroid cancer, although the progress of research on thyroid cancer tumor markers is very fast, there is no consensus in clinical recognition so far, indicating that the research on thyroid cancer tumor markers is still in the initial stage, which is worth further development.

Thyroglobulin

Summary of Thyroglobulin

Thyroglobulin is a biological macromolecule with 2750 amino acids and a molecular weight of 3300. Its gene expression is regulated by TTF-1 and Pax-8. Its physiological function is mainly to promote the release of T3 and T4 into the blood under the action of TSH. Mutations in thyroglobulin can induce nonsecretory goiter to develop into thyroid cancer.

1. Study of thyroglobulin in thyroid cancer

Besic et al. detected serum thyroglobulin in 327 patients with thyroid follicular adenoma diagnosed before operation, and then counted them by multivariate logistic regression according to the pathological diagnosis after operation. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between serum thyroglobulin concentration > 300ng/mL and the incidence of thyroid. The elevation of serum thyroglobulin concentration can be used as a marker for predicting the incidence of thyroid cancer. As for lymph node metastasis of thyroid cancer, the serum thyroglobulin concentration of thyroid cancer patients with peripheral lymph node metastasis is higher than that of patients without lymph node metastasis, and there is statistical significance through statistical analysis, which has been confirmed by Low et al., indicating that the serum thyroglobulin concentration is higher than that of patients without lymph node metastasis. The concentration of thyroglobulin can be used not only as a useful cancer marker for prediction, but also to determine whether the tumor has peripheral lymph node metastasis. More importantly, Kebebew et al. measured thyroglobulin in jugular vein and forearm vein blood of 14 patients with thyroid cancer. The results showed that the concentration of thyroglobulin in jugular vein blood was significantly higher than that in forearm vein blood, and the farther away from the jugular vein, the lower the concentration. It is inferred that serum thyroglobulin can not only be used as a tumor marker for predicting thyroid cancer, but also be used to estimate the primary focus of thyroid cancer according to the concentration difference in different directions.

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Jerry Carter

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Jerry Carter
Joined: June 15th, 2019
Articles Posted: 52

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