In vitro Diagnostics of Cancer

Posted by Jerry Carter on September 24th, 2019

Overview of Cancer

Cancer is a general term for a group of diseases that affect any part of the body (alias: malignant tumors and neoplasms), of which the feature lies in the rapid production of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual borders and can invade adjacent parts of the body and spread to other organs out of control. Metastasis is a major cause of death from cancer. Cancer originates from the multistage process of normal cells transforming into cancer cells, usually from precancerous lesions to malignant tumors. These changes are the result of the interaction between human genetic factors and three external factors, including:

  • Physical carcinogens: ultraviolet and ionizing radiation
  • Chemical carcinogens: asbestos, tobacco smoke components, aflatoxins (a food pollutant) and arsenic (a drinking water pollutant)
  • Biocarcinogens: infections caused by certain viruses, bacteria or parasite

Cancer Biomarkers

Cancer biomarker(other names: tumor biomarker, TM) refers to a kind of substance that exists in cancer cells, or is produced by abnormal tumor cells and by the stimulus response of the host to the tumor, which can reflect the occurrence and development of the tumor, and monitor the response of the tumor to treatment. Tumor markers exist in tissues, body fluids and excreta of cancer patients and can be detected by immunological, biological and chemical methods, which can be applied as

  • screening and early detection approach of cancer
  • determination of response to therapy
  • prognostic indicator of disease progression
  • relapse indicator

Overview of In vitro Diagnostic (IVD) Antibodies

Antibodies, an indispensable part of diagnostic methods, contribute to the development of In Vitro Diagnostics (IVD). Many famous life science companies providerelative cGMP certified, high-standard IVD antibody development projects to support relative research in the cancer testing. The well-designed antibodies are various in categories and can be applied to develop many immunology methods.

Application of In Vitro Diagnostics on Cancer Biomarker

Among the techniques for the detection or quantification of cancer biomarkers, immunoassays are taken as the most precise, specific, and selective technology. The most widely utilized methods include western blot, ELISA (enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay), LFIA (lateral flow immunoassay), CLIA (chemiluminescent immunoassay), immunohistochemistry (IHC), etc. 

Application coverage

A wide range of malignant tumors can find corresponding IVD solutions by now, including

Follicular Adenoma Melanoma Leukemia Testicular Cancer Breast Cancer
Pancreatic Cancer Bladder Cancer Brain Cancer Gastrointestinal Cancer Prostate Cancer
Cholangiocarcinoma Germ cell cancer Liver Cancer Neuroendocrine Tumor Renal Cancer
Colorectal Cancer Glioblastoma Lung Cancer Myeloma Esophageal Cancer
Glioma Lymph Cancer Ovarian Cancer Thyroid Cancer Others

Conclusion

The IVD antibodies applicable to a variety of immunoassay outstandingly push the diagnosis of cancer forward compared with the traditional blood or urine tests or CT, ultrasound, bringing hope to the early diagnosis of cancer, and are receiving popularity among medical research institutes and large medicine manufacturers.

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Jerry Carter

About the Author

Jerry Carter
Joined: June 15th, 2019
Articles Posted: 52

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