Brexit – Boris Johnson seek votes from parliament

Posted by David Simmons on November 29th, 2019

European Union, a union between 28 countries that ensures economic and political stability, is a union that first grounded its root in 1957. After World War II, in 1957, six countries namely, France, West Germany (now Germany), Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands signed the Treaty of Rome. The treaty of rome established the European Economic Community (EEC), which is now the European Union. It was an attempt to establish healthy relationships between countries that are related in Europe. It was believed that countries that trade together stay together. It was an attempt to create such an environment of economic dependency that it would be less likely that any of the countries in the treaty would ever go to war with the other. It is now a union of 28 different countries with UK being on the highlights with its Brexit deal. To know brexit we first need to know the history of relationship between European Union and The United Kingdom.

In 1963, the United Kingdom applied for the membership of the European Economic Community (EEC). It was vetoed by then France’s president Charles de Gaulle. After the struggle, United Kingdom eventually came into the treaty in 1973, but after a couple of years it was on the verge if backing out again.

In 1975, United Kingdom held a vote on the question: “do you think United Kingdom should be a part of European Community (common market)?” the overwhelmingly 67 percent voted “yes” which included most of the United Kingdom’s 68 administrative counties, regions and Northern Ireland. Only Shetland and western isles voted “no”. The labour party split over the issue, with the ones favoring European Union splitting from the rest of the party to form SDP (social democratic party).

The bumpy relationship of EEC and the UK further escalated in 1984, when UK’s Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher talked hard-hitting blows in order to reduce the payments of EEC budget. The third-poorest nation of Europe at that time Britain was paying a lot more into the budget than other nations due to its relative lack of farms. Farms aids then made up 70 percent of total EEC expenses. The United Kingdom renegotiated and rebate that still remains today. Thatcher successfully managed to reduce Britain’s payment by more than 20 percent of the total in the 1980s’ to about 12 percent.

The European Economic Community evolved into today’s European Union in 1993, through the Maastricht Treaty. One of its main component was to rename the European Economic Community to European Union. The European union was designed to ensure those who are the members of European union a political, economic stability, including a united foreign policy, citizenship rights and (for most nations, excluding the United Nation) a single currency known as the euro.

Moreover, in 1997, Tony Blair, labour prime minister won a sweeping victory in the elections. He was a pro-European union. Being one, he tried his best to re kindle the ties of Britain with the rest of the Europe, while living his tenure. Europe and the United Kingdom battled with each other on trade format. Brussels and France banned British beef, in midst of ‘mad cow’ a disease known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy. However, the general beef ban of European Union was lifted in 1999, after tough restrictions were exposed on the exports of beef products. Meanwhile, france kept its own ban of British beef long after that.

Europe and United Kingdom also fought over chocolates. In 2000, France, Spain, Belgium, Italy, and other nations debated that chocolate should be made only from cocoa butter, and not vegetable oil. They also argued that British made chocolate bars include too much milk, including popular brands like Kit-Kats, Mars, and Cadbury etc.

In 2007, European Union members finished negotiating Lisbon Treaty, a very controversial treaty giving more power to Brussels.  By 2013, David Cameron, playing the messiah of Britain’s economic sector, became the first prime minister to veto a European Union treaty in 2011. In 2013, he gave a speech in which he laid out all of the problems and challenges Europe was facing and he promised to renegotiate the membership of the European union, on the term that his conservative party wins in the next general elections. The support of British voters for United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) was also growing because of their stance against the European Union.

David Cameron, after winning the re-election in May 2015, went to fulfill his promise of renegotiating the UK-EU relationship. He include changes in the welfare payment of immigrants, financial safeguards and worked on easier ways to block European Union regulations. By 2016, he announced the results of those negotiation to the public, and promised to hold a vote on june 23.

The result of the vote was “yes” to Brexit, with more than 30 million people voting. The referendum passed by a slim margin of 51.9 percent to 48.1 percent. Northern Ireland voted to remain in the EU, so did Scotland. However, England and wales voted in favor of Brexit.

On October 2016, Theresa May assumed office after the resignation of David Cameron. Following the referendum, she invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, giving notice to European Union of the departure of Britain from the European Union. On March 29, 2017, May signed the order and it was delivered to the council of European Union, officially starting the two year countdown to Britain’s departure from European Union. The date was set to be March 30, 2019. However, on March 30, parliament rejected May’s withdrawal agreement. European council then, set a new date of October 31, 2019.

Theresa may resigned after her withdrawal agreement was rejected three times in the parliament. After May’s resignation, Boris Johnson assumed office, renegotiating the deal, making changes in the May’s agreement, which got her agreement to be rejected in the first place. He revised a deal that was postpone by the MPs on 19^th of October. He then wrote to European Union council to ask for another delay, to which EU agreed and postponed the date to further 31^st of January 2020. The United Kingdom could leave the European Union if the deal is approved by the Parliament, and it is being harder for the new prime minister.

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