When CAR-T therapy combines with cancer vaccinePosted by beauty33 on December 16th, 2019 1. Science: the combination of tumor vaccine and CAR-T therapy can completely eliminate 60% of solid tumors in mice models Recently, a study titled "Enhanced CAR–T cell activity against solid tumors by vaccine boosting through the chimeric receptor" was published in the journal Science by the team of Professor Darrell Irvine of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This study pioneered the use of molecular adjuvants to enhance the efficiency of CAR-T cells in killing tumor cells, and provided new ideas for researchers to fight against solid tumors. The team designed a cancer vaccine that can increase the number of CAR-T cells by up to 200 times after injecting into mice, and enhance various antitumor functions by 5-10 times. After the "turbocharged" army of CAR-T cells of the vaccine, it can kill a variety of solid tumors, which can completely eliminate the tumors in 60% of model mice. The team uses the albumin enrichment in the lymph nodes, and fuses the albumin-binding domain in molecular adjuvants, so that molecular adjuvants containing active ingredients that can regulate the immune system can be combined with albumin. The "windmill" enters the lymph nodes and exerts its immune regulation function. Researchers first injected 50,000 CAR-T cells into mice, and then injected amphiphilic antigen and adjuvant. After a period of time, they found that the proportion of CAR-T reached up to 70% of total T cells, which was 200 times over the control group. The combination of tumor vaccine and CAR-T therapy Researchers tested the results in mouse models of solid tumors, including glioblastoma, breast, and melanoma, and found that compared with the control group, the CAR-T cells can significantly shrink tumor and prolong the tumor volume with the addition of amphiphilic antigen. The survival period of tumor mice extended, and solid tumors in 60% of mice completely disappeared, and no obvious toxic and side effects were found, and the effect was amazing! Vaccine Vaccine (Vax) significantly enhances CAR-T anti-cancer effect Moreover, the treated mice also maintained long-term immune memory of the cancer cells. After 75 days’ treatment, the same cancer cells were injected again and these cancer cells would be quickly cleared by the immune system. After 50 days, these mice were injected with a small amount of other types of cancer cells, and the immune system was also able to clear them out! The source: Ma L1,2, Dichwalkar T1, Chang JYH1, et al. Enhanced CAR-T cell activity against solid tumors by vaccine boosting through the chimeric receptor. Science. 2019 Jul 12; 2. Science: T cell-mediated microbiome regulation can prevent obesity Recently, researchers from the University of Utah School of Health recently published a study titled "T cell–mediated regulation of the microbiota protects against obesity." The study results indicating that there is a specific spindle-shaped in the intestine Clostridia can prevent mice from gaining weight, and these bacteria can also control human body weight. This discovery could lead to new approaches to treating obesity that have advantages over fecal transplants or probiotic-based strategies that restore microbial communities. The researchers focused on a genetically engineered immunodeficient mouse (T cells have disabled Myd88 signaling) that showed defective T follicular helper cell (TFH cell) development and IgA production in the intestine. The lack of intestinal IgA production means that animals cannot effectively control the composition of the intestinal microbiome. The research team found that these immune-deficient mice will inevitably become obese as they age, and even if they are fed normal "food," they will develop obesity-related metabolic diseases found in many obese humans. T cell-mediated microbiota regulation can prevent obesity Mice that inevitably become obese have impaired immune systems and have fewer bacteria in the intestinal flora, Clostridium, than healthy mice. Injecting Clostridium difficile into immunocompromised mice can prevent obesity. Comparing genetically engineered immunodeficiency mice with normal mice, further research found that the number and diversity of various Clostridium were reduced in the intestinal microbial community of immunodeficiency mice. While the number of Desulfovibrio has significantly increased. And this Vibrio is related to inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes and obesity. When researchers added Clostridium to immunodeficient mice, the animals gained much less weight. This suggests that the deletion of Clostridium is causally related to obesity in immunodeficient mice. 3. Science: IFITM protein inhibits the formation of placental syncytiotrophoblasts and promotes fetal death Recently, researchers from the Pasteur Institute in France and other researchers published a research in the Science journal, entitled "TIFITM proteins inhibit placental syncytiotrophoblast formation and promote fetal demise." The results showed this new mechanism may cause serious complications during pregnancy, which is related to the production of interferons. The placenta is both an interface for exchange and a barrier between the mother and the fetus. It provides the nutrients needed for fetal growth and produces hormones that protect the fetus from microorganisms and the mother's immune system. The outer layer of the placenta, called syncytiotrophoblast, is a fusion of outer cells that optimizes the barrier and exchange functions of the placenta. Cell fusion is mediated by a protein called syncytin. If syncytiotrophoblasts are not formed correctly, it may cause placental insufficiency and affect fetal development. Doctors often observe abnormal syncytiotrophoblasts in women with slow intrauterine growth or women with Down syndrome. Interferon is a substance produced by immune cells during infection to fight viruses and other intracellular microorganisms. Researchers have observed high levels of interferon in autoimmune or inflammatory diseases (such as lupus) and some viral infections. The source: Buchrieser J, Degrelle SA, Couderc T, et al. IFITM proteins inhibit placental syncytiotrophoblast formation and promote fetal demise. Science. 2019 Jul 12; Like it? Share it!More by this author |