Fitness equipmentPosted by Alec on March 12th, 2020 Fitness equipment is a section of the Hvat.ru site with which you can: Choose the most effective and high-quality equipment for training. We will talk about how fitness equipment works, on what principles training is based, and due to what this or that equipment works. You will receive comprehensive information on the simulator you are interested in. Save money, time and emotions. We will talk about simulators that have the best price-quality-result ratio. There will be no huge simulators that you can see in expensive fitness clubs or commercials. Really effective simulators are easy to use, and their price is affordable for any Russian. Learn to use simulators! This is the main advantage of the heading. The manufacturer almost always attaches the instructions to the simulator, sometimes it gives general training tips. But he never talks about how to use the simulator, and what training program to focus on. For this reason, even the best simulators do not allow the buyer to achieve the goal. We will fix this situation. Understand where it is more profitable to buy fitness equipment. You will receive the ability to distinguish quality products from low-quality, as well as save money on products that are not worth the money spent. 15 minutes of reading this section will save you days, weeks, months or even years of time. Time that can be spent on correct, not erroneous, training. Time that can be spent on something valuable, and not on the purchase of unnecessary simulators. The time that you will have thanks to better health through training. Ineffective fitness equipment It is important to protect yourself from ineffective simulators, which will take a lot of money, time and emotions. Fitness equipment is fitness equipment that: They work out the muscles comprehensively. A simulator that works out one or two muscle groups is ineffective for home training. Exception - exercise machines for the muscles of the press. Do not take up much space. The exception is the bar and everything connected with it. Do not make an athlete bankrupt. For fitness equipment that really brings results, you don’t have to pay thousands of dollars. These 3 points instantly weed out most of the bulky exercise machines that were popular at the start of the millennium. Many of them are still popular and are in demand by beginners who believe that price equals quality. These exercise machines are in demand in gyms. They are needed by professional athletes, for whom every gram of muscle is important. For beginners and amateurs who work at home, these simulators are not suitable. They take up too much living space, cost a lot of money and always do not live up to their expectations. Inventory that only professionals need is used by beginners through marketing. Do not follow the lead of marketers. Do not listen to loud statements. All the fitness equipment that an athlete really needs for the fastest possible progress is simple, inexpensive exercise equipment, which we will talk about below. The best fitness equipment Simulator number 1. Horizontal bar parallel bars Purpose: study of all the muscles of the upper body. Used: at home, in the gym, on the street. The best simulator for pumping the muscles of the upper body. With the help of a horizontal bar and bars, you can work out the muscles of the back, chest, shoulders, arms, abs, trapezium, forearm. The entire upper body is pumped using this simulator. The horizontal bar is a way to change your posture, build a proportional figure, pump up the press and improve overall health. Bars are a tool for building a powerful torso and strong triceps, which make up 70% of the mass of the hands. Inflated triceps are the key to big hands. It is on the bars that men who do not know how to pump up their hands should rely on. The horizontal bar and parallel bars increase the total muscle mass, which leads to pumping up the hands without the use of isolating exercises. Additional inventory: Elastic band for pull-ups. The simulator is used by beginners who want to learn how to pull up with the right technique. Loops of Beres. For the most effective press training on the horizontal bar. Belt for securing weight and pancakes. Equipment that takes exercises with a horizontal bar and bars to a new level. A pancake belt is a burden with which you can build a figure of a high-class athlete on the horizontal bar and uneven bars. Simulator number 2. Dumbbells Purpose: working out all the muscles of the body. The development of various properties of the muscular system. A universal simulator to achieve any goal. Used: at home, in the gym. Dumbbells - a universal simulator with which you can increase the efficiency of working with the horizontal bar and bars, as well as pump up the muscles of the legs and buttocks. The best option for home workouts is collapsible dumbbells, the weight of which can be adjusted using the principle of progression of loads. Additional inventory: not available. Simulator number 3. Barbell Purpose: pumping all the muscles of the upper and lower body, improving health, developing strength, endurance and muscle performance. Used: at home and in the gym. The bar is the best simulator for pumping up the muscles of the whole body as quickly as possible. Workouts with a barbell allow you to realize any training goal. Gaining muscle mass, losing weight, improving speed and strength indicators - any goal is achievable with the help of proper training with a barbell. The barbell is the best fitness equipment when it comes to training your lower body. Additional inventory: Racks or power frame. Indispensable when doing squats, lunges, bench presses. Racks with insurance are effective for bench presses and other exercises where insurance is required. Rubber hinges. They make training more diverse, include stabilizers in the muscles, and change the essence of the exercise. Simulator number 4. Jump rope Purpose: fat burning, toning the muscles, improving the proportions of the figure. Used: at home, on the street, in the gym. Skipping rope - the best simulator for aerobic training. Jumping rope is underestimated only because it is more difficult to earn from selling rope than from selling expensive simulators. Skipping rope is the best simulator for improving functionalities, which is constantly used in martial arts. An hour of jumping rope burns twice as many calories as 60 minutes of running. Skipping rope is the best complement to strength training and running. Alternatives: Speed ??Rope. With its help, a greater intensity of training is achieved. Burns more calories. Jump rope with weighting. Additionally loads the forearms and muscles of the upper body. Promotes a set of muscle mass. Trainer number 5. Universal expander Goal: pumping the muscles of the top and bottom of the body, fat burning, maintaining shape, in addition to exercises with a barbell and dumbbells. It is applied: at home, in the gym, on the street. Universal tube expander can be used as: The simulator for intensive training. Using an expander is more difficult to gain muscle mass than when training with dumbbells or a barbell. But this is possible if you have an understanding of the basic principles of training. The simulator for light workouts. Fitness equipment can be divided into 2 groups, and use it on different days. Example: on one training day, an athlete works with a barbell, dumbbells, horizontal bar and bars. In the second - with an expander, rubber loops and other exercise machines. The first training is at the limit of possibilities. The second is light, restorative. This speeds up progress. The exercise machine for warm-up or hitch. Universal expander is one of the best simulators for men and women who wish to work in outdoor conditions. The best option for training on vacation or during periods when visiting the gym for some reason is impossible. Trainer number 6. Rubber hinges Purpose: muscle pumping, fat burning, improving the proportions of the figure, increasing the effectiveness of exercises with a barbell, practicing strokes. It is applied: on the street, at home, in the gym. Rubber loops are a simulator that can be used both in solo mode and as a complement to barbell exercises. In trainings with a barbell, loops allow you to master the technique of exercise, fix it, and also improve brain-muscle communication, which increases the effectiveness of training. Thanks to the loops, the athlete passes the “dead spots”, which allows you to work with great weight. Loops can replace any exercise with a barbell or dumbbells. This is the best simulator for working in outdoor conditions. Rubber loops allow you to train at new angles, which is useful for long-term uniform training. With the help of loops, you can turn on more muscles than when working with other simulators, which accelerates progress. Rubber loops are used in martial arts for staging kick techniques. Simulator number 7. Gymnastic rings Purpose: pumping up the muscles of the upper body, fat burning, working out the muscles-stabilizers, ligaments and tendons that do not train during standard work. Improving all physical indicators. Apply: on the street, at home, in the gym. Gymnastic rings - a projectile with which you can build an ideal upper body. Exercises with rings train stabilizer muscles that give muscle mass volume and beauty. Gymnastic rings are not used in large quantities, but the development of this apparatus gives a huge increase in the speed of progress. This shell is most suitable for men who wish to form a V-shaped figure. Additional equipment: horizontal bar (horizontal bar) for attaching rings. Trainer number 8. Hinges TRX Purpose: pumping the muscles of the top and bottom of the body, fat burning, development of functional. Apply: in the gym, at home, on the street. The TRX hinges are a projectile that can replace the gym with most amateurs. With the help of TRX loops, you can realize absolutely any task: from gaining muscle mass and developing strength indicators to improving explosive speed and eliminating imbalances in the figure. The versatility of loops has both its advantages (the ability to become a balanced athlete) and the disadvantages that are expressed in a slower speed of progress. Using loops to gain muscle mass is more difficult than when training with a barbell. TRX hinges are inconvenient to use outdoors. Optional fitness equipment: TRX loop mount. Trainer number 9. Exercise bike Goal: fat burning, pumping up the muscles of the legs, pumping up the legs and buttocks, improving health. It is applied: in the gym, at home. One of the most useful exercise equipment. It speeds up metabolism, improves the functioning of the hormonal system, and prevents diseases associated with a sedentary lifestyle. Exercise bike is an opportunity: Keep fit regardless of external circumstances. You can use the exercise bike in conjunction with the horizontal bar and bars to work out the whole body at home. Improve the shape of the legs and buttocks. To dry muscles, get rid of edema, which many women mistakenly take for fat. Protect yourself from certain diseases. Example: regular training on an exercise bike prevents the development of prostatitis in men who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Libido increases, men's health is maintained due to regular blood flow to the pelvic organs. Trainer number 10. Press roller Purpose: pumping up the muscles of the press. It is applied: at home and in the gym. Less often - on the street. The press roller is the best simulator for the press at home. Standard twisting on the floor or in the simulator does not give a significant result. The best exercises for the press are: Raising legs (knees) in a hang on the horizontal bar. An exercise that should be used by anyone who wants to pump a cool press quickly. The extension of the body with a roller for the press. Exercises complement each other, as they work out muscles from different angles. The press roller can be an independent simulator for pumping the abdominal muscles. Efficiency is lower than when using a roller paired with a horizontal bar, but significantly exceeds the effect of twisting. Training principles All of the above simulators will work 10-20 times better if you use key training principles. Fitness equipment should be bought only after understanding the essence of training, which consists in using two principles: The principle of progression of loads; The principle of supercompensation. An athlete who regularly visits the gym uses the best fitness equipment, reads the best bodybuilding books and copies professional schemes, progresses ten times slower than a beginner who takes an ordinary expander and uses the principles of load progression and supercompensation. Now you will receive tools that will take the use of fitness equipment to a new level. The principle of progression of loads The principle of progression of loads says: an athlete should regularly increase objective training stress while maintaining the subjective feeling of the severity of training at the same level. The principle of progression of loads requires the athlete to increase the training load every 1-5 workouts. The speed of progress depends on: Gender and age. Men progress faster. Teenagers progress faster than the elderly. Stress level. A teenager whose world is limited to studying will progress faster than a 27-year-old man who works in 2 jobs, pulls his family on himself. Recovery. From food quality, quantity and quality of sleep. The correctness of the training program. Falls into the supercompensation phase. Emotional state, readiness of the nervous system to work. Genetics. In practice, the principle of progression of loads looks like this: Wrong option: Training ¹1-31 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 12 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls - 3 10 1,5 3 Dips - 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 2-15 3 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 2-15 3 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 1 minute 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 10 1 - The correct option: Training number 2 We use the same fitness equipment, but increase the number of approaches. Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 12 6 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls - 4 10 1,5 3 Dips - 4 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 2-15 4 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 2-15 4 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 6 1 minute 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 4 10 1 - Training number 3 We add approaches again Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 12 7 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls - 5 10 1,5 3 Dips - 5 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 2-15 5 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 2-15 5 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 7 1 minute 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 5 10 1 - Training number 4 We keep the same equipment for fitness, but increase the weight and resistance of the simulators when returning to the starting number of approaches. Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 14 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 2.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 2.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 5-22 3 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 5-22 3 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 2 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 fifteen 1 - In the fifth training session, we add one approach to each exercise. Training number 6 Looks like that: Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 14 7 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 2.5 kg 5 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 2.5 kg 5 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 5-22 5 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 5-22 5 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 7 2 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 5 fifteen 1 - Training number 7 We increase the weight in exercises with dumbbells and a horizontal bar. Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 16 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 5-22 6 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 5-22 6 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 2.5 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 18 1 - Training number 8 In exercises with loops we increase resistance, reduce the number of approaches. Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 16 6 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 5 kg 4 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 5 kg 4 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 12-36 2 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 12-36 2 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 6 2.5 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 4 18 1 - In the ninth training, we add the approach to each exercise. Training number 10 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 18 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 7.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 7.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 12-36 4 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 12-36 4 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 3 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 20 1 - At 11 and 12 workouts, we add the approach to each exercise. Training number 13 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 20 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 10 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 10 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 12-36 7 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 12-36 7 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 3.5 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 23 1 - 14 and 15 workouts - one approach to each exercise. Training number 16 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 22 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 12.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 12.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 17-54 4 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 17-54 4 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 4 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 25 1 - Training number 17. Add exercise bike Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 22 6 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 12.5 kg 4 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 12.5 kg 4 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 17-54 5 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 17-54 5 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 4 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 25 1 3 Exercise bike - 2 1 minute 1 - At training No. 18, we add one approach to all exercises, except for jumping rope and extension of the body with a roller for the press. Training number 19 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 24 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 15 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 15 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 17-54 7 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 17-54 7 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 4 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 25 1 3 Exercise bike - 2 1.5 minutes 1 - Workouts 20-21 - plus one approach to all exercises except rope jumping. Training number 22 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 26 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 17.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 17.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 23-68 3 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 23-68 3 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 4 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 28 1 3 Exercise bike - 5 1.5 minutes 1 - Training No. 23-24 - plus one approach for all exercises. Training number 25 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 28 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 20 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 20 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 23-68 6 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 23-68 6 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 4,5 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 thirty 1 3 Exercise bike - 3 2 minutes 1 - In training No. 26 and 27, we add one approach in all exercises, except for working with a roller and an exercise bike. Training ¹28 Add a press exercise. Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 30 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 22.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 22.5 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 23-68 9 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 23-68 9 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 5 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 thirty 1 3 Hanging legs - 2 10 1 3 Exercise bike - 3 2 minutes 1 - 29-30 workouts - plus one approach. Training ¹31 Exercise Weight (resistance) The approaches Repetitions Rest in minutes between sets Rest in minutes between exercises Dumbbell Squats 2 to 32 5 12 1,5 4 Chest pulls Net weight + 25kg 3 10 1,5 3 Dips Net weight + 25 kg 3 10 1,5 3 Hand curl with loops 32-77 3 12 1 3 Hand extension with loops 32-77 3 12 1 3 Rope jumping - 5 5.5 minutes 1 3 Torso extension with a press roller - 3 32 1 3 Hanging legs - 5 10 1 3 Exercise bike - 3 3 minutes 1 - Both athletes held 31 training sessions. The difference in training is not the application and application of the principle of progression of loads. The difference in the result is about 10 kilograms of muscle mass, a completely different appearance. According to the results of 31 training, the second athlete looks much better. Principle of supercompensation The principle of supercompensation divides the training process into 4 phases: Training. Muscle fibers are injured, all body systems get stress. Recovery. The body returns to the pre-training state after the recovery phase. In this phase, training is pointless. Continuous training in the recovery phase leads to overtraining. Bodybuilder nutrition for mass gain helps gaining body mass. Supercompensation. The body adapts to new external conditions by creating reserves. There is an increase in muscle mass, an improvement in the performance of all body systems. Supercompensation is the only phase that is suitable for training. Loss of supercompensation. Occurs if the athlete has not completed the training in the supercompensation phase. Continuous training in the phase of losing supercompensation is under-training. Fitness equipment works to the full extent only if you observe the principle of progression of loads in the supercompensation phase. It is not necessary to increase the load in each supercompensation. It depends on your goals. The more ambitious the goal, the more often you need to progress. The more energy you need to invest in training. Where to buy fitness equipment? It is important to choose the right supplier to achieve the following goals: Get a quality product that will serve you as long as possible. Do not overpay for fitness equipment, which you can buy at times cheaper. Be confident in your safety. You can purchase fitness equipment from the following retailers: Large sporting goods stores. Online stores. Mass gain nutritions strengthens body mass. "Private traders" who make their own equipment. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of buying equipment from each seller. Sporting goods stores Buying fitness equipment from major online sporting goods stores has the following benefits: High quality. Almost always we are talking about the most popular branded products. Among them, marriage is also found, but the likelihood of meeting low-quality goods is minimal. The ability to receive goods quickly. Residents of large cities can buy the right product without waiting for delivery. Having a consultant to help you make your choice. Disadvantages: Overcharge. Often - a very high price. The difference between the real value of the goods and the price tag that you will see in the store can reach 2-5 times. The price of the goods includes the contents of the store, the salary of employees, as well as the excess profits of large stores. If your goal is to buy fitness equipment and not spend the entire salary, it is better to refuse purchases in large chain stores. Consultants are not always conscientious. They can sell you goods that the store needs to sell as quickly as possible. It’s better to go to the store with a clear understanding of what you need. Large chain stores are not everywhere. Mostly - in the merchant cities of megacities. Large sporting goods stores are high quality and overpriced. If you think about how to buy sports equipment for fitness with maximum benefit, then such stores are an excellent option only for people with a salary above the average level. Online store An online store is the most optimal choice for buying sports equipment for the following reasons: Low price. The business is gradually going to the Internet, as a result of which there is growing competition in each industry. The seller seeks to make his product as cheap and high-quality as possible in order to win the fight for the buyer. High quality. Fitness equipment from the online store will be of the highest quality if purchased from a reliable seller. The widest assortment. The choice is tens of times wider than in the largest chain store of sporting goods. Ability to choose a supplier according to reviews and personal preferences. Disadvantages: The need to wait for the delivery of goods. From one day to a week, depending on your region. In large cities, fitness equipment is delivered quickly, but delivery to the “hinterlands” of Russia may take some time. Ability to run into a bad supplier. Not every online store works for a reputation. Some sellers tend to rip money off quickly and disappear from the market. To prevent this situation, consider: Product reviews. The most proven way to choose high-quality fitness equipment is to make purchases in the online store with a lot of positive reviews. Availability of product information, articles on the topic of training with sold equipment. The fullness of the site means that the seller is serious about business and is ready to invest money and time in informing the client. Sellers of low-quality equipment understand that there is no point in working with such a quality product, and are aimed at one-time purchases. Sellers of quality equipment strive to meet the needs of the customer with whom he came to the store. The presence of contact information, the ability to pay for the purchase by cash on delivery. This is a confirmation of the existence of the store and a guarantee that you will receive your goods in the proper form. Buying in an online store is the best option for men and women who want to get quality goods at a low price, having the maximum choice. Private goods It can be found on various sites where a certain individual sells goods of unknown origin. Such fitness equipment has two advantages: Ultra low price. At times lower than in large retail chains, and slightly less than in the online store. Focus on people who seek maximum savings. The possibility of long-term cooperation with the seller at the maximum benefit. If you fall into a bona fide seller, then in the future you can order fitness equipment from him, which will save your nerves and money. Disadvantages: The buyer "plays the lottery." It is difficult to distinguish a bona fide seller from a fraudster whose simulator will break in the first days of use. In the absence of feedback, this is not possible. There is no one to make a complaint in the event of a product malfunction or injury when working with it. No one controls this “business”, as a result of which the results can be disastrous. The product you wanted to purchase may differ from the equipment you received. Use cash on delivery for reinsurance. Product quality can vary greatly from delivery to delivery. The seller is focused on retail sales, there is no equipment that would exclude the human error factor. Even a conscientious seller can make a mistake, as a result of which the goods will lose in quality. Conclusion: the best seller is an online store with good reviews and low prices. Do not mind the money - make purchases in large chain stores, but visit them, knowing in advance about your desires. If you want to play the lottery with the opportunity to get a reliable supplier, save or spend money anywhere, we recommend "private traders" who are focused on retail sales. Like it? Share it! More by this author |